Amitriptyline (HCl)

Overview

Amitriptyline (HCl) is a prototype drug of tricyclic antidepressants. It has characteristic three ring nucleus. Tricyclic antidepressant has been used for almost four decades. Chemically Amitriptyline (HCl) is closely related to the phenothiazines.it also has sedative and anxiolytic properties.

Categories

Primary Characterstics

Indications

Amitriptyline (HCl) is primarily indicated in conditions like Chronic pain, Depression, Enuresis, Migraine prophylaxis, Tension headache.

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Pharmacokinetics

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Contraindications

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Drug Interactions

Amitriptyline (HCl) is known to interact with other drugs, the details of drug interactions is as follows:

Severity N/A

Bretylium (Tosylate)

Interaction of Bretylium (Tosylate) with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Cimetidine (HCl)

Interaction of Cimetidine (HCl) with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Clonidine (HCl)

Interaction of Clonidine (HCl) with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Debrisoquine (Sulphate)

Interaction of Debrisoquine (Sulphate) with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Alcohol

Interaction of Alcohol with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Guanethidine

Interaction of Guanethidine with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Noradrenaline (Acid Tartrate)

Interaction of Noradrenaline (Acid Tartrate) with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Terfenadine

Interaction of Terfenadine with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Procainamide (HCl)

Interaction of Procainamide (HCl) with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Enflurane

Interaction of Enflurane with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Astemizole

Interaction of Astemizole with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Sotalol (HCl)

Interaction of Sotalol (HCl) with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Phenytoin (Na)

Interaction of Phenytoin (Na) with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Fenfluramine (HCl)

Interaction of Fenfluramine (HCl) with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Disopyramide

Interaction of Disopyramide with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Bethanidine (Sulphate)

Interaction of Bethanidine (Sulphate) with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Adrenaline

Interaction of Adrenaline with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Disulfiram

Interaction of Disulfiram with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Enflurane

Interaction of Enflurane with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Human Insulin

Interaction of Human Insulin with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Isoproterenol

Interaction of Isoproterenol with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Sulpiride

Interaction of Sulpiride with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Furazolidone

Interaction of Furazolidone with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Insulin Lispro

Interaction of Insulin Lispro with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Levodopa

Interaction of Levodopa with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Details: Levodopa serum concentration is reduced by amitriptyline due to slow gastric emptying and increase gastric degradation.
Management: Patient monitor for altered safety and efficacy.
Ergotamine (Tartrate)

Interaction of Ergotamine (Tartrate) with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Details: reports of serotonin syndrome in patients recieving ergotamine with amitriptyline , imipramine, paroxetine, or sertraline
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)

Interaction of Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Details: Tricyclic antidepressants may reduce levels of riboflavin in the body. In addition to raising levels of the vitamin in the body, taking riboflavin may also improve the effects of these antidepressants
Antazoline

Interaction of Antazoline with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Details: Increased antimuscarinic and sedative effects when antihistamines (e.g Antazoline) given with tricyclic antidepressants (e.g Amitriptyline)
Nitroglycerin

Interaction of Nitroglycerin with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Details: simultaneous use may cause orthostatic hypotension
Apraclonidine (HCl)

Interaction of Apraclonidine (HCl) with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Management: Avoid concomitant use.
Riluzole

Interaction of Riluzole with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Details: Amitriptyline (HCl) could decrease the rate of riluzole elimination.
Nabilone

Interaction of Nabilone with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Details: Concurrent use may increase the efficacy of nabilone.
Management: Concurrent use should be avoided, or you may need dosage adjustments or special tests during treatment.
Pericyazine

Interaction of Pericyazine with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Details: These drugs shouldnot be taken concurrently without doctors prescription.
Phentermine

Interaction of Phentermine with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Details: Concurrent use may result in high blood pressure.
Mazindol

Interaction of Mazindol with Amitriptyline (HCl)

St.Johns Wort Extract

Interaction of St.Johns Wort Extract with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Details: Significant reduction in amitriptyline concentrations were reported with concurrent ingestion of St. Johns wort.
Acrosoxacin

Interaction of Acrosoxacin with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Iproniazid Phosphate

Interaction of Iproniazid Phosphate with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Details: Infrequent reports of AMITRIPTYLINE increasing the SEROTONERGIC effect of IPRONIAZID. Potential risk.
VORICONAZOLE

Interaction of VORICONAZOLE with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Details: additive QTc prolongation may occur
Management: consider alternate therapy
Indacaterol

Interaction of Indacaterol with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Details: prolong the QTc interval
Management: should be monitored closely.

Major

Fluvoxamine (Maleate)

Interaction of Fluvoxamine (Maleate) with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Details: Amitriptyline metabolism is decrease while plasma concentration is increased by flovoxamine which inhibit multiple hepatic microsomal enzymes.
Management: Coadministration of these two drugs are avoided.
Procarbazine

Interaction of Procarbazine with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Details: Administration of Amitriptyline and procarbazine can cause nausea,vomitiing,flushing,dizziness,tremor,hyperthermia and hypertensive crises,seizures,coma and death may also occur.
Management: This combination should not be used or a gap of atleast 14 days should be given after discontinuing any of these drugs to start the other.
Cisapride

Interaction of Cisapride with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Details: Cisapride can cause ventricular arrhythmia due to prolong QT interval when given with Amitriptyline.
Management: This combination is contraindicated.

Moderate

Thioridazine (HCl)

Interaction of Thioridazine (HCl) with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Details: coadministration of these two drugs can cause increase in plasma concentration of both drugs that result in central nervous system depression,hypotension and prolong QT interval.
Management: Combine use of these drugs should be avoided.
Carbamazepine

Interaction of Carbamazepine with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Details: Carbamazepine accelerates metabolism of tricyclics (e.g Amitriptyline); reduced plasma concentration by induction of CYP450 enzymes and reduced effects.
Management: Tolerance,patient response,seizure control and monitoring of serum concentration should be done.
Fluconazole

Interaction of Fluconazole with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Details: Fluconazole inhibit CYP450 3A4 isoenzyme which decrease Amitriptyline clearance leads to CNS toxicity and prolong QT interval.
Management: Adjust amitriptyline dose and monitor its serum levels.
Quinidine

Interaction of Quinidine with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Details: By inhibting CYP450 3A4 2D6 metabolism quinidine increase serum levels of amitriptyline and both these drugs can prolong QT interval.
Management: This combination should be avoided and monitor patient for drowsiness,confusion,weakness and seizures.
Warfarin (Na)

Interaction of Warfarin (Na) with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Details: Amitriptyline may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Warfarin.
Management: Monitor for increased prothrombin times (PT)/toxic effects of Warfarin if Amitriptyline is initiated/dose increased, or decreased effects if Amitriptyline is discontinued/dose decreased.
Loprazolam

Interaction of Loprazolam with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Details: Theoretical potential for LOPRAZOLAM increasing the SEDATIVE effect of AMITRIPTYLINE.
Oxymorphone

Interaction of Oxymorphone with Amitriptyline (HCl)

Details: Central nervous system- and/or respiratory-depressant effects may be additively or synergistically increased in patients taking multiple drugs that cause these effects, especially in elderly or debilitated patients.
Management: During concomitant use of these drugs, patients should be monitored for potentially excessive or prolonged CNS and respiratory depression. Ambulatory patients should be made aware of the possibility of additive CNS effects (e.g., drowsiness, dizziness, lightheadedness, confusion) and counseled to avoid activities requiring mental alertness until they know how these agents affect them. Patients should also be advised to notify their physician if they experience excessive or prolonged CNS effects that interfere with their normal activities.

These interactions are sometimes beneficial and sometimes may pose threats to life. Always consult your physician for the change of dose regimen or an alternative drug of choice that may strictly be required.

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Side Effects

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Dosage

Interferon Alpha 2a's dosage details are as follows:
Dose Single Dose Frequency Route Instructions

Adult Dosage

0.285 to 0.429 mg/ kg0.36 (0.357)6 hourlyIMInitial
0.714 to 2.143 mg/ kg1.4 (1.4285)24 hourlyIMMaintenance for 6 Months
50 to 100 mg75 (75)24 hourlyPOAt bedtime, increased gradually to 150 mg/day.

Paedriatic Dosage (20kg)

0.4 to 0.8 mg/kg0.6 (0.6)24 hourlyOralRecommended for 5-12 yrs Children

Neonatal Dosage (3kg)

not recommended in this age group

High Risk Groups

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Warning / Precautions

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Storage Conditions

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Interference in Pathology

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Brands / Trade Names of Interferon Alpha 2a

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Manufacturers of Amitriptyline (HCl) in Pakistan

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