Chloramphenicol
Overview
Chloramphenicol was first isolated in 1947 from the cultures of Streptomyces venezuelae. Chloramphenicol was synthesized in 1949, becoming the first completely synthetic antibiotic of importance to be produced commercially. Chloramphenicol is a broad spectrum antibiotic. Chloramphenicol is a nitrobenzene derivative. Chloramphenicol is primarily bacteriostatic and may be bacteriocidal to some strains. Chloramphenicol is active against both aerobic and anaerobic gram positive and gram negative organisms, rickettsiae and certain spirochetes. Adminitered orally or applied topically. Antibiotics require constant drug level in body for therapeutic effect. This is achieved by taking the drug at regular interval of time throughout the day and night as prescribed. Chloramphenicol is important to take the drug for the full time period as prescribed. If you discontinue the drug Chloramphenicol may result in ineffective treatment.
Categories
- 6 Anti-infective drugs
- 6.2 Antibiotics, systemic
- 6.2.2 Other anti-bacterial drugs
- 21 Ophthalmological preparations
Primary Characterstics
Indications
Chloramphenicol is primarily indicated in conditions like Acromegaly, Acute epiglottitis, Anaerobic infections, Bacterial infections, Blepharitis, Brain abscesses, Brucellosis, Cellulitis, Corneal ulcers, Intraocular infections, Iron deficiency anaemia, Keratoconjuctivitis sicca, Life threatning infections, Meningitis, Peritonitis, Plague, Psittacosis, Q Fever, Septicaemia, Spotted fever, Tularemia, Typhoid, and can also be given in adjunctive therapy as an alternative drug of choice in Enteritis, Gangrene, Haemophilia, Influenza, Whipple's disease.
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Pharmacokinetics
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Contraindications
Chloramphenicol is contraindicated in conditions like Hypersensitivity.
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Side Effects
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Dosage
Chloramphenicol's dosage details are as follows:
Dose
|
Single Dose
|
Frequency
|
Route
|
Instructions
|
Adult Dosage
|
0.5 %w/v | 0.5 (0.5) | 12 hourly | Ophthalmic | 1-2 drops 4-6 times a day for first 72 hours.Treatment should be continued for approx 7days. |
1 %w/w | 1 (1) | 6 hourly | Ophthalmic | Frequency may be increased to 8 times if needed. |
5 to 10 % | 7.5 (7.5) | 6 hourly | Otic | 1-2 drops. |
50 to 100 mg/kg | 75 (75) | 6 hourly | PO,IV | Maximum dose: 4 g/day. |
Paedriatic Dosage (20kg)
|
12.5 to 25 mg/kg | 19 (18.75) | 6 hourly | Intra Venous | - |
12.5 to 25 mg/kg | 19 (18.75) | 6 hourly | Oral | - |
Neonatal Dosage (3kg)
|
12.5 to 25 mg/kg | 19 (18.75) | 6 hourly | Intravenous | |
12.5 to 25 mg/kg | 19 (18.75) | 6 hourly | oral | |
High Risk Groups
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Warning / Precautions
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Storage Conditions
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Interference in Pathology
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Brands / Trade Names of
Chloramphenicol
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Manufacturers of
Chloramphenicol
in Pakistan
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